STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ECO-FRIENDLY BIOSURFACTANT LIPOPEPTIDES AND THEIR CYTOTOXICITY EVALUATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS
CYTOTOXICITY EVALUATION OF BIOSURFACTANT LIPOPEPTIDES
Keywords:
Biosurfactant,, Surfactin, Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial activity, pharmaceutical applicationsAbstract
Closely pushing the envelope of biotechnological platforms at the interface of workability and environmental care, biosurfactants find their place in a particularly momentous niche. In specific, lipopeptides such as surfactin have shown to be very versatile players as they can be used as surface tension modulators and as emulsifiers. In addition, they have intrinsic antimicrobial activity with a mechanism of action profile that is not found in classical surfactants. In the current study, various biosurfactants, standard bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis MTCC 2423 (OBS), Bacillus sp. RZ2MS9 (O10), Enterobacter sp. TSSAS2-48 (O16), and surfactin (standard sample), are questioned in terms of their structures and their cytotoxicity. To determine structure, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). All these methodologies revealed the occurrence of amines, fatty acids and ester links, all functional moieties essential to surface activity and emulsification. Through the MTT assay administered on L929 fibroblasts, it was found that the O10 cream formulation achieved the highest score in biocompatibility with an IC50 of 239.83 g/mL, followed by standard surfactin and, lastly, OBS biosurfactant, with values of 349.72 and 108.14 g/mL, respectively. These comparative data also highlight that there was variation in terms of cytotoxicity with O10 having a better safety profile. Overall, the biosurfactant Bacillus sp. RZ2MS9 (O10) offers a potentially valuable product in the pharmaceutical and environmental domains, and futures development to improve and focus cost-effectiveness, particularly at large quantities, would potentially see a wider application of these environmentally friendly surface-active agents commercially.
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