A STUDY ON CLINICAL PROFILE AND COMPLICATIONS IN CHILDREN BELOW 14 YEARS OF AGE WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS ADMITTED IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTH INDIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

VENKATA VIJAYALAKSHMI V; JHANSI PADMA K; MADHAVI N; MANIKYAMBA D

doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2025v18i8.55131

Authors

VENKATA VIJAYALAKSHMI V Department of Pediatrics, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7591-5382
JHANSI PADMA K Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
MADHAVI N Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
MANIKYAMBA D Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2025v18i8.55131

Keywords:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Hyperglycemia, Insulin.

Abstract

Objective: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease in children presenting with acute complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This study was undertaken to study the clinical profile, biochemical parameters, acute complications, associated comorbidities, and outcomes in children admitted with Type 1 DM in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This is a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary hospital.

Results: A total of 38 children were included in the study. Most of the children were between 5 and 10 years (47.37%) with a slightly high female preponderance (60.53%). The mean age at diagnosis was 7.25 years, and 63.16% of children were newly diagnosed. Most of the children were from the rural population (55.26%), and the mean body mass index was 14.07. 35 children presented with DKA (92.11%), with the majority of severe type (51.43%). Mean random blood sugar was 601.75, and mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) was 11.70. Mean HbA1C in males versus females was 11.48 vs. 10.44, in newly versus previously diagnosed cases was (10.29 vs. 11.94), and in children with normal versus low Vitamin D levels was (10.4 vs. 13.4). Most presenting complaints were polyuria (57.89%), fever (42.10%), and lethargy (39.47%). Other associated significant comorbidities were hypothyroidism (10.52%) and dyslipidemia (15.79%). Only 21.05% were using newer insulin analogs (glargine); 4 children (10.52%) succumbed during treatment.

Conclusion: Steps should be taken to increase awareness regarding the disease among people. The government should also ensure the availability of newer insulin analogs, which are found to be user-friendly at an affordable price.

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