GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS EXTRACTED FROM THE PLANT GLYCOSMIS PENTAPHYLLA RETZ. USING VARIOUS SOLVENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2025v18i11.56251Keywords:
Chromatogram,, Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, Glycosmis pentaphylla, Lead compounds, PhytocompoundsAbstract
Objective: The main motive behind this work is to study the individual phyto compounds present in Glycosmis pentaphylla Retz. commonly known as Orange berry through gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. The plant contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and coumarins. However, there was a lack of proper information regarding the chemistry of these phytocompounds specifically.
Methods: The above objective was achieved through GC-MS method, both the ethanolic and hexane extract were prepared by maceration method. Then subjected to GC-MS analysis where the extract passed through fused silica column. Using the chromatogram the score, reverse match score and probability percentage were matched based on NIST and WILLEY library databases.
Results: The compounds in the ethanolic extract being Octadecyl 2-pentanyl sulfite, 4-amino-1-(4-fluorophenyl)pentan-1-one, Neophytadiene, 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, Ethyl hexadecanoate, Phytol, 11-Dodecyn-1-ol acetate, Acetyleugenol, and in the hexane extract were 1- nitro- 2-propanol, Butyraldehyde semicarbazone, 4- hydrazino-5-hydroxyimino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzofuran, 3-cyclohexene-1-ethanol, 9-cyclohptadecen- 1-one, N-methyl-2-nitropyridin-3-amine, 3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 4,7,8-trimethoxy-2,3-dihydrofuro[2,3-b]quinoline, 9,12-octadecadienoyl chloride, dihydromyrcene, and octadeca-9,12-dien-1-ol. These were noted along with their structure, molecular weight, chemical nature, etc., and displayed in the table. Furthermore, the theoretical action of the compounds was studied. Herewith, the presence of many potential compounds in the plant-G. pentaphylla was revealed.
Conclusion: From the observations, it is obvious that ethanolic extract has more compounds than the hexane extract of the plant G. pentaphylla Retz. having medicinal value. It supports the activity-based studies in near future. After thorough analysis, these plant derived medicaments were found to have promising therapeutic potential as reported in various databases. Hence it can lead to the discovery of newer phytocompounds.
Downloads
References
1. Gomathi D, Kalaiselvi M, Ravikumar G, Devaki K, Uma C. GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from the whole plant ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. J Food Sci Technol. 2015;52(2):1212- 17. doi: 10.1007/s13197-013-1105-9, PMID: 25694742
2. Kavitha R. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds present in ethanolic extracts of leaf and fruit of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2021;12(5):2755-64. doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.12(5).2755-64
3. Sermakkani M, Thangapandian V. GC-MS analysis of Cassia italica leaf methanol extract. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2012;5(2):90-4.
4. Rajeswari S, Vidya R. GCMS analysis on Andrographis paniculata seed extract and its anticancer activity. Int J Appl Pharm. 2022;Thematic special issue:84-8. doi: 10.22159/ijap.2022.v14ti.5
5. Ganesan S, Padma M, Jayaseelan T, Azhagumadhavan SP, Kumar SS, Mani P. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds present in ethanolic leaves extract of Silybum marianum(L). J Drug Discov Ther. 2019;9(1):85-9.
6. Velmurugan G, Anand SP. GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds on ethanolic leaf extract of Phyllodium pulchellum L. Desv. Int J Pharmacogn Phytochem Res. 2017;9(1):114-18. doi: 10.25258/ijpapr. v9i1.8051
7. Babu VS, Radhamany PM. Antioxidant efficacy and evaluation of crude drug parameters of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. Int J Pharmacogn. 2020;7(7):183-92. doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232. IJP.7(7).183-92
8. Kumari A, Sharma RA. GC-MS analysis of the methanol fraction of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. fruit. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2022;15(6): 51-5. doi: 10.22159/ajpcr.2022.v15i6.44551
9. Raja EF, Paul JJ. Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy analysis and prediction of bioactivities in the chloroform extract of Halymenia dilatata Zanardini (red algae) collected from Mandapam, Tamil Nadu, India. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2021;14(12):60-3. doi: 10.22159/ ajpcr.2021.v14i12.43068.
10. Senthilkumar SR, Sivakumar T, Arulmozhi KT, Mythili N. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy evaluation of bioactive phytochemicals of commercial green teas (Camellia sinensis) of India. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2015;8(3):278-82.
11. Standard Reference Data. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Mass Database and Software. Version 3.02. United States: Standard Reference Data; 1990.
12. Lafferly MF. Registry of Mass Spectral Data. 5th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons Publishers; 1989.
13. Babu A, Anand D, Periyasamy S. Phytochemical analysis of Ficus arnottiana (Miq.) Miq. leaf extract using GC-MS analysis. Int J Pharmacogn Phytochem Res. 2017;9(6):775-79.
14. Siswadi S, Saragih GS. Phytochemical analysis of bioactive compounds in ethanolic extract of Sterculia quadrifida R.Br. AIP Conf Proc. 2021;2353(1):030098. doi: 10.1063/5.0053057
15. Islam MT, Ali ES, Uddin SJ, Shaw S, Islam MA, Ahmed MI, et al. Phytol: A review of biomedical activities. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018;121(6):82-94. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.032
16. Saravanan R, Raja K, Shanthi D. GC-MS analysis, molecular docking and pharmacokinetic properties of phytocompounds from Solanum torvum unripe fruits and its effect on breast cancer target protein. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2022;194(1):529-55. doi: 10.1007/s12010-021- 03698-3, PMID: 34643844
17. Mukka D. Devarakonda KP. GC-MS analysis and molecular docking studies of Laserpitium latifolium L extract for anti-diabetic activity. Int J Appl Pharm. 2025;17(1):190-8. doi: 10.22159/ ijap.2025v17i1.52343.
18. Sudha D, Malarkodi R, Gokulakrishnan A, Liyakath Ali AR. LC-MS/MS and GC-MS profiling and the antioxidant activity of Carissa carandas Linn. Fruit extracts. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2024;16(6): 39-45. doi: 10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i6.50818
19. Rajadurai M, Maithili V, Arunazhagi R, Yogesh V. Phytochemical profiling of medically significant crude extract using GC-MS analysis. Int J Curr Pharm Res. 2018;10(6):16-20. doi: 10.22159/ ijcpr.2018v10i6.30966
20. Ibibia ET, Bankole TA, Ogunjimi DV, Mmuo AI, Amuda MO. GC-MS profile, synthesis and spectral characterization of flavonoid-metal (cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel) complexes of Jatropha curcus leaves. Int J Chem Res. 2023;7(2):4-12. doi: 10.22159/ijcr.2023v7i2.217
21. Khandokar L, Bari MS, Seidel V, Haque MA. Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and toxicological profile of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC.: A review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;278:114313. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114313, PMID: 34116186
22. Subramanian S, Dowlath MJ, Karuppannan SK, Saravanan M, Arunachalam KD. Effect of solvent on the phytochemical extraction and GC-MS analysis of Gymnema sylvestre. Pharmacogn J. 2020;12(4):749-61. doi: 10.5530/pj.2020.12.108
23. Khammee T, Chokboribal J, Ninsuwan U, Saenkham A, Kuno M. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling, anti-inflammatory evaluation, and molecular docking studies of essential oil and scented extract from the Porana volubilis burm. f. flower. Rasayan J Chem. 2023;16(2):604-12. doi: 10.31788/RJC.2023.1627091
24. Nandi S, Lyndem LM. Clerodendrum viscosum: Traditional uses, pharmacological activities and phytochemical constituents. Nat Prod Res. 2016;30(5):497-506. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1025229
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2025 VYSHNAVY DEVY D K, S. RUBY, M. Kumar, Vijayakumar B, Sajith Kumar P N
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
