POLYPHENOLIC PROFILING BY LC–ESI–MS/MS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT OF LATHYRUS OCHRUS EXTRACTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2025v18i11.56537Keywords:
Lathyrus ochrus, Polyphenolic profiling, LC-MS/MS, Antioxidant activity, Bioactive compoundsAbstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the polyphenolic composition and evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Lathyrus ochrus extracts obtained using solvents of varying polarity.
Methods: Aerial parts of L. ochrus were extracted successively with cyclohexane, chloroform, and ethanol. Due to its poor solubility, the cyclohexane extract was excluded from biological assays. Total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins were quantified spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant activities were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, with butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, and ascorbic acid as reference antioxidants. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) was performed for chemical profiling. Antibacterial activity of chloroform and ethanol extracts was evaluated against four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus) using the disk diffusion method.
Results: The ethanolic extract exhibited the highest total phenolic (41.9±0.2 μg GAE/mg), flavonoid (22.48±0.03 μg QE/mg), and tannin (15.33±0.03 μg CE/mg) contents. It showed strong antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50=0.08 mg/mL; FRAP EC50=0.14±0.02 mg/mL; and β-carotene bleaching inhibition=57.4%), comparable to reference standards. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed rutin, salicylic acid, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid as the major compounds. The chloroform extract exhibited stronger antibacterial activity than the ethanolic one, particularly against S. aureus (18.0 mm inhibition) and B. cereus (17.5 mm).
Conclusion: Solvent polarity significantly influenced the extraction of bioactive compounds. L. ochrus ethanolic extract is a promising source of natural antioxidants, while the chloroform extract may serve as a potential antibacterial agent. Further studies are warranted to isolate and characterize the active constituents.
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