RECENT ADVANCES IN TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR DIABETES MELLITUS AND RELATED COMPLICATIONS: A REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2025v17i2.53184Keywords:
Nanotechnology, Diabetes mellitus, Patient compliance, Hyperglycemia, NanocarriersAbstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) can be treated with a variety of therapeutic approaches. Patients are forced to initiate therapy with antidiabetic agents when diet and exercise are ineffective to regulate hyperglycemia. However, these drugs have several disadvantages that can influence the course of treatment. The primary drawbacks of the current oral modalities for the treatment of DM are the immediate release of the drug and the low bioavailability, which necessitates an increase in the frequency of dosing. Patient compliance to therapy decreases in conjunction with the manifestation of adverse side effects. The development of innovative delivery modalities that have the potential to improve the efficacy of anti-diabetic regimens has been a fertile area for nanotechnology in recent years. The primary objective of all attempts has been to (a) safeguard the drug by encapsulating it in a nano-carrier system and (b) release the drug in a controlled and progressive manner using effective techniques. The current review aims to compile effective nanocarriers like polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), liposomes, niosomes, dendrimers, micelles, solid lipid NPs, transfersomes, ethosomes, nanofibers, and carbon nanotubes for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, emerging treatment strategies and various complications related to this disease.
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