DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECT OF APPLYING 6% AND 12% HYDROXYAPATITE PASTE FROM DUCK EGGSHELLS (ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS) WITH CASEIN PHOSPHOPEPTIDE-AMORPHOUS CALCIUM PHOSPHATE (CPP-ACP) AS REMINERALIZING MATERIALS ON ENAMEL SURFACE HARDNESS (IN VITRO)

FITRI YUNITA BATUBARA; WIDI PRASETIA; DENNIS DENNIS; WANDANIA  FARAHANNY; NEVI YANTI; CUT NURLIZA; TRIMURNI ABIDIN; MAYVIRA ANNISA; DINA MASRURA; WILLIAM SAHALA MARKUS SITOMPUL

doi:10.22159/ijap.2025v17i6.54801

Authors

FITRI YUNITA BATUBARA Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-9748
WIDI PRASETIA Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
DENNIS DENNIS Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
WANDANIA FARAHANNY Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
NEVI YANTI Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1310-0142
CUT NURLIZA Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
TRIMURNI ABIDIN Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
MAYVIRA ANNISA Dental Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0823-3279
DINA MASRURA Dental Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6505-439X
WILLIAM SAHALA MARKUS SITOMPUL Dental Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2198-8054

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2025v17i6.54801

Keywords:

Duck eggshells, Remineralization, Hydroxyapatite, Microvickers hardness tester

Abstract

Objective: Dental caries has been the biggest issue in oral health resulting from the demineralization process. Demineralization can reduce the hardness of the tooth enamel surface, causing caries. The purpose of this research was to assess the difference in the effect of applying 6% and 12% hydroxyapatite paste from duck eggshells (Anas platyrhynchos) with casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) as remineralizing materials on enamel surface hardness.

Methods: This laboratory experimental research used 30 extracted maxillary first premolars as samples, divided into 5 groups. Samples in group I were demineralized and applied with 6% hydroxyapatite paste; group II were demineralized and applied with 12% hydroxyapatite paste; group III were demineralized and applied with CPP-ACP; group IV were demineralized and not given any remineralizing materials; group V were not demineralized and not given any remineralizing materials. The demineralization procedure was done with hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution for 30 min. The remineralization procedure was done for 30 min. All samples were immersed in artificial saliva. This procedure was repeated every day for 14 consecutive days. The analysis of enamel surface hardness was done twice by Microvickers Hardness Tester, the first was after demineralization and second after remineralization.

Results: T-paired test result showed an increase in enamel surface hardness after application of the test materials in each group (p<0.05). The result of the one-way ANOVA test showed the application of 6% and 12% hydroxyapatite paste from duck eggshells showed a more significant increase in enamel surface hardness than CPP-ACP paste. Although the numerical value of 12% was higher than 6%, there was no significant difference between the two based on the results of the Post-hoc Bonferroni test (p=1).

Conclusion: The application of 6% hydroxyapatite paste, 12% hydroxyapatite paste, CPP-ACP and control group resulted in an increase of enamel surface hardness. The application of 6% and 12% hydroxyapatite paste from duck eggshells showed a significant increase in enamel surface hardness compared to CPP-ACP.

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