DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SENSITIVE LC-MS/MS METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF NIVOLUMAB AND RELATLIMAB IN RAT PLASMA

P. VASU BABU; D. AKILADEVI

doi:10.22159/ijap.2026v18i1.56343

Authors

P. VASU BABU Department of Pharmaceutics, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai-600117, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6232-4911
D. AKILADEVI Department of Pharmaceutics, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai-600117, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5318-6880

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2026v18i1.56343

Keywords:

LC-MS/MS, Rat plasma, Monoclonal antibodies, Immunotherapy, Simultaneous quantification

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a sensitive, specific, and rapid LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of nivolumab & relatlimab in rat plasma using daclizumab as internal standard (IS)

Methods: Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Luna C18 column (250mm x 4.6mm, 5µm) with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of ammonium formate of pH-2.5 adjusted with formic acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) in 40:60 (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min. Rat plasma samples were processed by liquid-liquid extraction with acetonitrile. Mass spectrometric detection was performed in positive electro spray ionization (ESI) mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for nivolumab and relatlimab. The method was validated per USFDA guidelines for selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, matrix effect, and stability.

Results: The method demonstrated excellent linearity over the concentration ranges of 12-480 ng/mL for nivolumab and 4-160 ng/mL for relatlimab, with a correlation coefficient (R²) of ≥0.999. The chromatographic separation was achieved with retention time of 3.35 min for nivolumab and 4.08 min for relatlimab. Accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability results were found to be within the suitable limits. A MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to study nivolumab, relatlimab at KDa 143.61→32.51, 145.27→21.76, and IS for m/z 144.04→ 35.61 which were ion pairs of mass analysis.

Conclusion: The developed LC-MS/MS method is highly sensitive, selective, and robust for the simultaneous estimation of nivolumab & relatlimab in rat plasma, making it suitable for preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic investigations.

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