FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND STABILITY OF MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED OIL NANOEMULSION-BASED HAIR SERUM

Authors

  • MUTMAINAH Doctoral Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta-55281, Indonesia. Faculty of Pharmacy, Semarang College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Stifar Yayasan Pharmasi Semarang), Letnan Jendral Sarwo Edie Wibowo, Semarang-50192, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7677-2304
  • AKHMAD KHARIS NUGROHO Department of Pharmaceutic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta-55281, Indonesia
  • TRIANA HERTIANI Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta-55281, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1756-2478
  • ADHYATMIKA Department of Pharmaceutic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta-55281, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2025.v17s3.08

Keywords:

Nanoemulsion-based hair serum, M. oleifera seed oil, Formulation stability, Hair loss treatment

Abstract

Objective: Synthetic drugs for treating hair loss often cause side effects. M. oleifera seed oil has shown potential in preventing hair loss; however, its oily and sticky texture limits its practicality for application. This study aims to develop a well-formulated and stable nanoemulsion-based hair serum containing M. oleifera seed oil at 4 °C and 40 °C.

Methods: The study utilized hair serum formulations containing nanoemulsified M. oleifera seed oil at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The physical characteristics, including organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness, were evaluated. Additionally, stability testing was conducted using a cycling test at 4 °C and 40 °C over six cycles.

Results: Variations in nanoemulsion concentration in the hair serum influenced pH, viscosity, adhesiveness, and spreadability, all of which met the required criteria. Higher concentrations of nanoemulsified M. oleifera seed oil resulted in lower pH, viscosity, and adhesiveness while increasing spreadability. Stability testing showed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in pH, viscosity, adhesiveness, or spreadability before and after the test.

Conclusion: The nanoemulsion-based hair serum formulation remained stable and effectively reduced the sticky and oily texture of M. oleifera seed oil, making it a more practical alternative for hair loss treatment.

References

1. Teeranachaideekul V, Parichatikanond W, Junyaprasert VB, Morakul B. Pumpkin seed oil loaded niosomes for topical application: 5α-reductase inhibitory anti-inflammatory and in vivo anti-hair loss effects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022;15(8):930. doi: 10.3390/Ph15080930, PMID 36015077.

2. Susanti L, Mustarichie R, Halimah E, Kurnia D, Setiawan A, Maladan Y. Anti-alopecia activity of alkaloids group from noni fruit against dihydrotestosterone induced male rabbits and its molecular mechanism: in vivo and in silico studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022;15(12):1557. doi: 10.3390/ph15121557, PMID 36559008.

3. Sinclair R, Torkamani N, Jones L. Androgenetic alopecia: new insights into the pathogenesis and mechanism of hair loss. F1000Res. 2015;4(F1000):585. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.6401.1, PMID 26339482.

4. Lao Z, Fan Y, Huo Y, Liao F, Zhang R, Zhang B. Physcion a novel inhibitor of 5α-reductase that promotes hair growth in vitro and in vivo. Arch Dermatol Res. 2022;314(1):41-51. doi: 10.1007/S00403-021-02195-1, PMID 33635414.

5. Tiwari R, Tiwari G, Yadav A, Ramachandran V. Development and evaluation of herbal hair serum: a traditional way to improve hair quality. Open Dermatol J. 2021;15(1):52-8. doi: 10.2174/1874372202115010052.

6. Rossi A, Priolo L, Iorio A, Vescarelli E, Gerardi M, Campo D. Evaluation of a therapeutic alternative for telogen effluvium: a pilot study. J Cosmet Dermatol Sci Appl. 2013;3(3):9-16. doi: 10.4236/jcdsa.2013.33A1002.

7. VA. Hair root activation by anagen grow a herbal hair growth serum. JOJDC. 2019;1(3):56-9. doi: 10.19080/JOJDC.2019.01.555565.

8. Leone A, Spada A, Battezzati A, Schiraldi A, Aristil J, Bertoli S. Moringa oleifera seeds and oil: characteristics and uses for human health. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(12):2141. doi: 10.3390/Ijms17122141, PMID 27999405.

9. Korassa YB, Saptarini NM, Mustarichie R, Hendriani R, Ola AR, Novicadlitha Y. Anti-alopecia activity of Moringa (M. oleifera Lamk.) seed oil against dihydrotestosterone induced rabbits. Int J App Pharm. 2023;15(2):19-24. doi: 10.22159/ijap.2023.v15s2.04.

10. Ozcan MM, Ghafoor K, Al Juhaimi F, Ahmed IA, Babiker EE. Effect of cold press and soxhlet extraction on fatty acids tocopherols and sterol contents of the moringa seed oils. S Afr J Bot. 2019 Aug;124:333-7. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2019.05.010.

11. Korassa YB, Saptarini NM, Mustarichie R, Hendriani R, Tjitda PJ. In silico study of 12 phytosterol compounds in Moringa (M. oleifera Lamk.) seed oil on 5Α-reductase enzyme inhibition activity as anti-alopecia. Int J App Pharm. 2022;14(4):49-57. doi: 10.22159/ijap.2022.v14s4.OP11.

12. Singh S, Sonia SRK, Sindhu RK, Alsayegh AA, Batiha GE, Alotaibi SS. Formulation development and investigations on therapeutic potential of nanogel from Beta vulgaris L. extract in testosterone induced alopecia. BioMed Res Int. 2023;2023:1777631. doi: 10.1155/2023/1777631, PMID 36760474.

13. Korassa YB, Saptarini NM, Mustarichie R, Hendriani R. The potential of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lamk) seed oil as anti-alopecia. PJ. 2022;14(2):379-87. doi: 10.5530/pj.2022.14.49.

14. Saini RK, Sivanesan I, Keum YS. Phytochemicals of Moringa oleifera: a review of their nutritional therapeutic and industrial significance. 3 Biotech. 2016;6(2):1-14. doi: 10.1007/s13205-016-0526-3.

15. Ryu HS, Jeong J, Lee CM, Lee KS, Lee JN, Park SM. Activation of hair cell growth factors by linoleic acid in Malva verticillata seed. Molecules. 2021;26(8):2117. doi: 10.3390/Molecules26082117, PMID 33917070.

16. Ogunsina BS, Indira TN, Bhatnagar AS, Radha C, Debnath S, Gopala Krishna AG. Quality characteristics and stability of Moringa oleifera seed oil of Indian origin. J Food Sci Technol. 2014;51(3):503-10. doi: 10.1007/S13197-011-0519-5, PMID 24587525.

17. Riangjanapatee P, Khongkow M, Treetong A, Unger O, Phungbun C, Jaemsai S. Development of tea seed oil nanostructured lipid carriers and in vitro studies on their applications in inducing human hair growth. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(5):984. doi: 10.3390/Pharmaceutics14050984, PMID 35631570.

18. Khadasare PM, Shinde SA, Londe SS, Inamdar SA, Kharat SJ. Formulation and evaluation of hair growth serum from hibiscus flowers and leaves. International Journal of Therapeutic Innovation. 2024;2(5):203-11. doi: 10.55522/ijti.v2i5.0048.

19. Korassa YB, Saptarini NM, Mustarichie R, Hendriani R. The potential of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lamk) seed oil as anti-alopecia. Pharmacogn J. 2022;14(2):379-87. doi: 10.5530/pj.2022.14.49.

20. Tampucci S, Paganini V, Burgalassi S, Chetoni P, Monti D. Nanostructured drug delivery systems for targeting 5-Α-reductase inhibitors to the hair follicle. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(2):286. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020286, PMID 35214018.

21. Bhatt P, Madhav S. A detailed review on oral mucosal drug delivery system. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2011;2(10):2482-9.

22. Chaiyana W, Saeio K, Hennink WE, Okonogi S. Corrigendum to characterization of potent anticholinesterase plant oil based. Ijpharm. 2011;414:333-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.09.005.

23. Shrinivas M, Engineering ML. Preparation and evaluation of hair serum. IJAEM. 2022:4(6):2389. doi: 10.20959/Wjpr202318-29892.

24. Gharsallah K, Rezig L, Bchir F, Bourgou S, Achour NB, Jlassi C. Composition and characterization of cold pressed Moringa oleifera seed oil. J Oleo Sci. 2022;71(9):1263-73. doi: 10.5650/jos.ess22095, PMID 36047239.

25. Saryanti D, Setiawan I, Dayanto HH. Use of CMC na as gelling agent in nanoemulgel formulation of methanol extract of sappan wood (Caesalpinia Sappan L). J Trop Pharm Chem. 2022;6(1):21-9. doi: 10.25026/jtpc.v6i1.276.

26. Subair TK, Mohanan J. Development of nano based film forming gel for prolonged dermal delivery of luliconazole. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2022;14(2):31-41. doi: 10.22159/Ijpps.2022v14i2.43253.

27. Nikam V, Maniyar S. Formulation development and evaluation of niosomal gel of collective anti-fungal agents. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2022;15(2):64-74. doi: 10.22159/ajpcr.2022.v15i2.43484.

28. Rahayu YC, Setiawatie EM, Rahayu RP, Kusumawardani B, Ulfa NM. Formulation and in vivo evaluation of nanoemulgel containing cocoa pod husk (Theobroma Cacao L.) extract as topical oral preparation. Int J App Pharm. 2024;16(5):204-10. doi: 10.22159/ijap.2024v16i5.51294.

29. Ermawati DE, Yugatama A, Ramadhani BR, Pertiwi I, Rosikhoh A, Novachiria SR. Stability and antibacterial activity test of nanosilver biosynthetic hydrogel. Int J App Pharm. 2022;14(2):221-6. doi: 10.22159/Ijap.2022v14i2.43584.

30. Chuacharoen T, Prasongsuk S, Sabliov CM. Effect of surfactant concentrations on physicochemical properties and functionality of curcumin nanoemulsions under conditions relevant to commercial utilization. Molecules. 2019;24(15):2744. doi: 10.3390/Molecules24152744, PMID 31362362.

31. Chen YS, Chiu YH, Li YS, Lin EY, Hsieh DK, Lee CH. Integration of PEG 400 into a self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system improves drug loading capacity and nasal mucosa permeability and prolongs the survival of rats with malignant brain tumors. Int J Nanomedicine. 2019;14:3601-13. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S193617, PMID 31190814.

32. Sethi M, Rana R, Sambhakar S, Chourasia MK. Nanocosmeceuticals: trends and recent advancements in self care. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2024;25(3):51. doi: 10.1208/S12249-024-02761-6, PMID 38424412.

33. Verma NK, Singh AK, Yadav V, Mall PC, Jaiswal R. A review on nanoemulsion based drug delivery system. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2019;1(1):30-8. doi: 10.33545/26647222.2019.v1.i1a.6.

34. Gohel M, Purohit A, Patel A, Hingorani L. Optimization of bacoside a loaded snedds using D-optimal mixture design for enhancement insolubility and bioavailability. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2016;8(12):213-20. doi: 10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i12.13488.

35. Bodke V, Kumbhar P, Belwalkar S, Mali AS, Waghmare K. Design and development of nanoemulsion of smilax china for anti-psoriasis activity. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2024;16(5):54-66. doi: 10.22159/Ijpps.2024v16i5.50327.

36. Yang T, Liu C, Zheng Y, Liu TC, Li K, Liu J. Effect of WPI/Tween 80 mixed emulsifiers on physicochemical stability of ginsenosides nanoemulsions. Food Biosci. 2023;53(4):102519. doi: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102519.

37. Rahmadevi HB, Wulandari K. Nanoemulsion formulation of fish oil (Oleum iecoris) using sonication method. Healthc Technol Med. 2020;6(1):248-58.

38. Elianasari AP. The effect of HPMC gelling agent concentration on the physical properties of anti-acne serum formulation with lemon peel extract. Indonesian Journal of Cosmetics. 2024;2(1):26-34. doi: 10.35472/ijcos.v2i1.1794.

39. Rowe RC, Sheskey PJ, Dan Owen SC. Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients. Edisi kelim. Pharmaceutical Press and American Pharmacists Association; 2006.

40. Drais HK. Development and evaluation essential oils Nanoemulgel as human skin sanitizer using novel method. Turk J Pharm Sci. 2024;21(5):456-62. doi: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2023.78006, PMID 39569700.

41. Lukic M, Pantelic I, Savic SD. Towards optimal pH of the skin and topical formulations: from the current state of the art to tailored products. Cosmetics. 2021;8(3):69. doi: 10.3390/cosmetics8030069.

42. Kishore RS, Kiese S, Fischer S, Pappenberger A, Grauschopf U, Mahler HC. The degradation of polysorbates 20 and 80 and its potential impact on the stability of biotherapeutics. Pharm Res. 2011;28(5):1194-210. doi: 10.1007/s11095-011-0385-x, PMID 21369824.

43. Syarifah A, Budiman A, Nazilah SA. Formulation and antioxidant activity of serum gel of ethyl acetate fraction from Musa x paradisiaca L. Advances in Health Sciences Research. 2021;33. doi: 10.2991/ahsr.k.210115.066.

44. Parveen R, Baboota S, Ali J, Ahuja A, Ahmad S. Stability studies of silymarin nanoemulsion containing Tween 80 as a surfactant. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2015;7(4):321-4. doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.168037, PMID 26681893.

45. Maharini M, Rismarika R, Yusnelti Y. Pengaruh konsentrasi PEG 400 sebagai kosurfaktan pada formulasi nanoemulsi minyak kepayang. Chempublish J. 2020;5(1):1-14. doi: 10.22437/chp.v5i1.7604.

46. Nurdianti L, Clara R, Suhendy H, Setiawan F, Idacahyati K. Formulation characterization and determination of the diffusion rate study of antioxidant serum containing astaxanthin nanoemulsion. Int J App Pharm. 2021;13(4):200-4. doi: 10.22159/ijap.2021.v13s4.43859.

47. Lasanudin RI, Bachri MS, Wahyuningsih I, Efiana NA. Nanoemulsion formulation combination of virgin coconut oil (vco) and candlenut oil (alleurites mollucanus) for hair growth in male white rats (Rattus novergicus). Pharmacon. 2024;21(1):59-67. doi: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i1.4348.

48. Abbas IK, Shaimaa Nazar Abd Al Hammid. Design optimization and characterization of self nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems of bilastine. IJPS. 2023;32 Suppl:164-76. doi: 10.31351/vol32issSuppl.pp164-176.

49. Tabor RF, Lockie H, Mair D, Manica R, Chan DY, Grieser F. Combined AFM confocal microscopy of oil droplets: absolute separations and forces in nanofilms. J Phys Chem Lett. 2011;2(9):961-5. doi: 10.1021/jz2003606.

50. Rojas C, Garcia Sucre M, Urbina Villalba G. Lifetime of oil drops pressed by buoyancy against a planar interface: large drops. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2010;82(5 Pt 2):56317. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.82.056317, PMID 21230586.

51. Parveen R, Baboota S, Ali J, Ahuja A, Vasudev SS, Ahmad S. Oil based nanocarrier for improved oral delivery of silymarin: in vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Pharm. 2011;413(1-2):245-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.04.041, PMID 21549187.

52. Dhariwala MY, Ravikumar P. An overview of herbal alternatives in androgenetic alopecia. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2019;18(4):966-75. doi: 10.1111/jocd.12930, PMID 30980598.

Published

28-08-2025

How to Cite

MUTMAINAH, NUGROHO, A. K., HERTIANI, T., & ADHYATMIKA. (2025). FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND STABILITY OF MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED OIL NANOEMULSION-BASED HAIR SERUM. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 17(3), 60–66. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2025.v17s3.08

Issue

Section

Original Article(s)

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.