DOE-BASED FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NIFEDIPINE-LOADED SMEDDS EMBEDDED IN FAST DISSOLVING FILMS FOR IMPROVED ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY

Authors

  • DHANUSH R. Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur-600116, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7841-5192
  • SUJATHA K. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur-600116, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6130-5412
  • PREETHIKA S. Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur-600116, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9076-661X
  • SOWMYA C. Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur-600116, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9514-4597

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2026v18i2.57227

Keywords:

SMEEDS, Bioavailability, Nifedipine, Mouth dissolving films, Box-Behnken Design, Micro emulsion

Abstract

Objective: Nifedipine (NIFD), a calcium channel blocker with poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability, requires formulation enhancement for effective delivery. This study aimed to develop and optimise a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of NIFD and incorporate it into mouth-dissolving films (MDFs) to improve solubility, dissolution, and patient compliance.

Methods: Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimise SMEDDS formulations using castor oil (A), Tween 80 (B), and Span 80 (C) as factors, with droplet size (Y1) and transmittance (%) as responses. The optimised SMEDDS batches (FS14-FS16) were characterised for droplet size, PDI, zeta potential, and transmittance and subsequently incorporated into MDFs (F1-F3) by solvent casting.

Results: The optimised SMEDDS exhibited droplet sizes between 196-201 nm, PDI values of 0.534-0.608, and zeta potentials from-15.66 to-21.07 mV, indicating nanoscale dispersion and moderate stability. The resulting SMEDDS-loaded films (F1-F3) showed uniform thickness (0.11-0.15 mm), rapid disintegration (48-60 s), and high drug content (87.04-95.08%). The diffusion of NIFD increased by a factor 3 after incorporating it into SMEDDS.

Conclusion: The optimised nifedipine-loaded SMEDDS (FS14-FS16) successfully incorporated into mouth-dissolving films (F1-F3), significantly enhanced solubility and dissolution. Among the MDFs, F1 emerged as the best, demonstrating superior in vitro drug release compared to the pure NIFD film, offering a promising oral delivery system for enhancing the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.

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Published

07-03-2026

How to Cite

R., D., K., S., S., P., & C., S. (2026). DOE-BASED FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NIFEDIPINE-LOADED SMEDDS EMBEDDED IN FAST DISSOLVING FILMS FOR IMPROVED ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 18(2), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2026v18i2.57227

Issue

Vol 18, Issue 2 (Mar-Apr), 2026

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Copyright (c) 2026 DHANUSH R., SUJATHA K., PREETHIKA S., SOWMYA C.

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