FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL FLOATING TABLET OF PIPERINE FOR CONSTIPATION

Authors

  • PRIYANKA SHARMA Department of Pharmaceutics, St. Soldier institute of pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT (R. E. C.), Jalandhar –Amritsar by pass, NH-1, Jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India
  • RAJESH KUMAR Department of Pharmaceutics, St. Soldier institute of pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT (R. E. C.), Jalandhar –Amritsar by pass, NH-1, Jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India
  • AJEET PAL SINGH Department of Pharmacology, St. Soldier institute of pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT (R. E. C.), Jalandhar –Amritsar by pass, NH-1, Jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India
  • AMAR PAL SINGH Department of Pharmacology, St. Soldier institute of pharmacy, Lidhran Campus, Behind NIT (R. E. C.), Jalandhar –Amritsar by pass, NH-1, Jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2026v18i1.8007

Keywords:

Floating tablets, HPMC K100M, HPMC K4M, Xanthan gum, Floating lag time, Swelling index, Drug release kinetics, Polymer hydrophilicity, Matrix integrity

Abstract

Objective: To formulate and evaluate a herbal floating tablet of piperine intended for the treatment of constipation, with an emphasis on understanding how different polymer.

Methods: Floating tablets were prepared using direct compression and designed via a three-factor, three-level Box–Behnken experimental design. The independent variables were the amounts of HPMC K4M (A), HPMC K100M (B), and xanthan gum (C). Tablets were assessed for physicochemical properties (thickness, weight variation, friability, hardness), buoyancy parameters (floating lag time—FLT), swelling index (SI), and time to 90% drug release (T90%). Data was analyzed to determine the effect of polymer blends on tablet performance.

Results: The floating tablets varied from 81.12±0.63 to 119.7±0.567 sec, rising with larger polymer concentrations and longer hydration. HPMC K100M had the greatest FLT, followed by xanthan gum and HPMC K4M due to hydrophilicity and molecular weight. The swelling index varied from 61.9±0.624% to 99.95±0.226%. HPMC K100M and xanthan gum swelled more. Time to 90% drug release (T90%) varied from 7.0±0.55 to 10.33±0.289 h, with increased polymer viscosity and concentration delaying release. HPMC-xanthan gum polymers caused synergistic swelling and regulated drug release with zero-order kinetics.

Conclusion: The floating, swelling, and drug release kinetics of floating tablets depend on polymer selection and mixing. HPMC K100M and xanthan gum alone or in combination provide tablet matrices with better integrity, stomach retention, and drug release. This allows controlled-release oral formulations with enhanced constipation treatment.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Jithan A. Oral drug delivery technology. Pharma book syndicate; 2007. p. 176-7.

2. Lee PI, Good William R. Controlled-release technology pharmaceutical applications. American Chemical Society; 1997. p. 1-2.

3. Kim CJ. Controlled release dosage form design. Technomic Publishing Company; 2000. p. 1-10.

4. Vyas SP, Khar RK. Controlled drug delivery: concepts and advances. 1st ed Vallabh Prakashan; 2002. p. 345-76.

5. Lee VH, Robinson JR. Sustained and controlled release drug delivery system. Mercel Decker; 1978:24-36.

6. Chein YW. Oral drug delivery system in novel drug delivery system. Marcel Dekker; 1992. p. 139-96.

7. Hirtz J. The git absorption of drugs in man: a review of current concepts and methods of investigation. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1985;19(Suppl 2):77-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb02746.x.

8. Shiva Kumar HG, Gowda V, Kumar TM. Floating controlled drug delivery systems for prolonged gastric residence: a review. Indian J Pharm Educ. 2004;38(4):172-9.

9. Arora S, Ali J, Ahuja A, Khar RK, Baboota S. Floating drug delivery systems: a review. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2005;6(3):E372-90. doi: 10.1208/pt060347, PMID 16353995.

10. Yeole PG, Khan S, Patel VF. Floating drug delivery systems: need and development. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2005;67(3):265-72.

11. Singh BN, Kim KH. Floating drug delivery systems: an approach to oral controlled drug delivery via gastric retention. J Control Release. 2000;63(3):235-59. doi: 10.1016/S0168-3659(99)00204-7, PMID 10601721.

12. Hwang SJ, Park H, Park K. Gastric retentive drug-delivery systems. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 1998;15(3):243-84. PMID 9699081.

13. Fell JT, Whitehead L, Collett JH. Prolonged gastric retention using floating dosage forms. Pharm Technol. 2000;24(3):82-90.

14. Reddy LH, Murthy RS. Floating dosage systems in drug delivery. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2002;19(6):553-85. doi: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v19.i6.20, PMID 12822735.

15. Deshpande AA, Shah NH, Rhodes CT, Malick W. Development of a novel controlled-release system for gastric retention. Pharm Res. 1997;14(6):815-9. doi: 10.1023/A:1012171010492, PMID 9210203.

16. Ch’Ng HS, Park H, Kelly P, Robinson JR. Bioadhesive polymers as platforms for oral controlled drug delivery II: synthesis and evaluation of some swelling water-insoluble bioadhesive polymers. J Pharm Sci. 1985;74(4):399-405. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600740407, PMID 3998999.

17. Sathish D. Preparation and evaluation of novel expandable drug delivery system. Br J Pharm Res. 2013;3(4):1079-93. doi: 10.9734/BJPR/2013/4891.

18. Sathish D, Himabindu S, Kumar YS, Shayeda, Rao YM. Floating drug delivery systems for prolonging gastric residence time: a review. Curr Drug Deliv. 2011;8(5):494-510. doi: 10.2174/156720111796642273, PMID 21696354.

19. Vinay Kumar K, Jagan Mohan S, Sunil R, Chandra Mohan E, Bala Raesha Chary R, Madhusudan Rao Y. Floating drug delivery systems: a review. Curr Trends Biotechnol Pharm. 2010;4(2):610-47.

20. Sheth PR, Tossounian J. The hydrodynamically balanced system (Hbs™): a novel drug delivery system for oral use. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 1984;10(2):313-39. doi: 10.3109/03639048409064653.

21. Baumgartner S, Kristl J, Vrecer F, Vodopivec P, Zorko B. Optimisation of floating matrix tablets and evaluation of their gastric residence time. Int J Pharm. 2000;195(1-2):125-35. doi: 10.1016/S0378-5173(99)00378-6, PMID 10675690.

22. Hwang SJ, Park H, Park K. Gastric retentive drug-delivery systems. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 1998;15(3):243-84. PMID 9699081.

23. Park K, Robinson JR. Bioadhesive polymers as platforms for oral-controlled drug delivery: method to study bioadhesion. Int J Pharm. 1984;19(2):107-27. doi: 10.1016/0378-5173(84)90154-6.

24. Haas J, Lehr CM. Developments in the area of bioadhesive drug delivery systems. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2002;2(3):287-98. doi: 10.1517/14712598.2.3.287, PMID 11890868.

25. Reddy LH, Murthy RS. Floating dosage systems in drug delivery. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2002;19(6):553-85. doi: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v19.i6.20, PMID 12822735.

Published

15-01-2026

How to Cite

SHARMA, PRIYANKA, et al. “FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL FLOATING TABLET OF PIPERINE FOR CONSTIPATION”. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 18, no. 1, Jan. 2026, pp. 30-35, doi:10.22159/ijcpr.2026v18i1.8007.

Issue

Vol 18, Issue 1 (Jan-Feb), 2026

Section

Original Article(s)
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 2 3 4