STUDY OF ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF EUGENIA HEYNEANA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijls.2026v14.57493Keywords:
Eugenia heyneana, Anti-arthritic activity, Freund’s adjuvant, Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Inflammation, Phytochemical screeningAbstract
Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Eugenia heyneana using the Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis model in rats. In addition, the study assessed the phytochemical profile, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extract to understand its possible role in mediating anti-inflammatory effects.
Materials and Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed to identify major secondary metabolites. TPC and TFC were estimated as mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 mg and mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/100 mg, respectively. Arthritis was induced in Wistar rats using Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA). The animals were divided into groups and treated orally with Aspirin (200 mg/kg) as the standard, and E. heyneana extract at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. Paw volume was measured at regular intervals to assess anti-arthritic efficacy.
Results: Leaves of E. heyneana were subjected to hydroalcoholic extraction, yielding 7.16% (w/w). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, carbohydrates, proteins, diterpenes, and saponins. The TPC and TFC were found to be 0.31 mg GAE/100 mg and 0.97 mg QE/100 mg, respectively. The FCA control group showed a significant increase in paw volume, confirming the induction of arthritis. Treatment with E. heyneana extract produced a dose-dependent reduction in paw edema, with the 200 mg/kg dose showing significant activity comparable to Aspirin (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of E. heyneana exhibited significant anti-arthritic activity in FCA-induced arthritic rats. The therapeutic potential may be attributed to the synergistic effects of its phytoconstituents, particularly flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which possess known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These findings support the traditional use of E. heyneana in managing inflammatory joint disorders and highlight its potential for further pharmacological development.
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