ENHANCING ENERGY EFFICIENCY THROUGH NATURAL VENTILATION IN NAIROBI’S COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijss.2026v14i1.56731Keywords:
Passive ventilation, Stack effect, Pressure differentialAbstract
Buildings consume over 38% of global energy, with office buildings contributing 18%. In Nairobi, rapid urbanization has increased reliance on mechanically ventilated high-rise offices, despite the city’s tropical climate being suitable for passive solutions. Projections by the United Nations Environment Programme indicate that energy demand from commercial buildings will continue to rise by 1.8% annually, underscoring the need for passive design strategies such as natural ventilation. However, this remains poorly integrated into building design. This study addressed this gap through case studies of three representative high-rise office buildings in Nairobi’s Central Business District, accounting for 20% of office stock. Using mixed methods, including site observations, surveys, and interviews, the research analyzed ventilation design elements and their impact on energy use. Results showed that naturally ventilated offices consumed significantly less energy (4.95 kWh/m²/month) compared to mechanically ventilated ones (7.91 kWh/m²/month). Key contributors included optimized window configurations, louvered openings, and ventilation shafts. The study concludes that integrating passive design strategies can enhance energy efficiency, reduce operational costs, and improve indoor comfort. It recommends policy interventions mandating passive ventilation in new developments and retrofitting strategies for existing buildings.
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