ROLE OF FDA 483 OBSERVATIONS IN QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: ENHANCING COMPLIANCE AND RISK MANAGEMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2025v18i4.54004Keywords:
Food and Drug Administration Form 483, Quality management systems, Corrective and preventative measures, Real-world evidence, Warning letterAbstract
Regulation of the life sciences arena by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) through inspection and issuance of Form 483 observations is vitally importance to patient safety and the public’s overall confidence in life science products. This review highlights the purpose of FDA 483s as a source of information to advance Quality Management Systems (QMS) and risk management in regulated work, such as pharmaceuticals, medical devices and biotechnology. It also serves as an overview to show how these FDA 483 observations assist companies to identify regulatory non-compliance, direct corrective action and stimulate ongoing improvements in the organizational quality framework. The authors also discuss how organizations can employee 483 observations as input to a risk assessment and to address trends in FDA enforcement actions and corrective actions to minimize compliance risk. Moreover, the examination of trending data helps to illustrate how effective use of FDA 483 observations influence organizational culture that enhances a proactive culture, as well as improved regulatory compliance and risk assessment frameworks Organizations determined to stay ahead in regulated environments, informed and utilized 483 observations foster continuous regulatory alignment in their organizational framework. Finally, to ensure ongoing and enhanced credibility in regulated environments, the evidence from 483 observations highlighted in this review demonstrates the increasing importance of their use in the circumstance of overall global regulatory harmonization, current and future technology, and advancing themes of compliance management.
Downloads
References
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Inspections, Compliance, Enforcement, and Criminal Investigations - FDA Form 483 Frequently Asked Questions; 2022. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/ inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/ inspection-references/fda-form-483-frequently-asked-questions
O’Donnell K, Greene A, Zwitkovits M, Calnan N. Quality risk management: Putting GMP controls first. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol. 2012 May- Jun;66(3):243-61. doi: 10.5731/pdajpst.2012.00859, PMID: 22634590
Kühler TC, Schoenmakers M, Shergold O, Affolter S, Bolislis WR, Foster R, et al. Development and regulation of connected combined products: Reflections from the medtech and pharma platform association. Clin Therapeut. 2022;44(5):768-82. doi: 10.1016/j. clinthera.2022.03.009
World Health Organization. Quality Management System Requirements for National Inspectorates. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 1025, Annex 8; 2020Available from: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/ default-source/medicines/norms-and-standards/guidelines/trs1025/ trs1025annex5.pdf?sfvrsn=910c5942_2&download=true
International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. ICH Q10: Pharmaceutical Quality System; 2015. Available from: https://www. ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/international-conference-harmonisation-technical-requirements-registration-pharmaceuticals-human-guideline-q10-pharmaceutical-quality-system-step-5_en.pdf
PIC/S. Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products. PE 009-16; 2022. Available from: https://www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/ files/2024-03/pe-009-16-gmp-guide-annexes.pdf
FDA. Facts about the Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs); 2023. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/pharmaceutical-quality-resources/current-good-manufacturing-practice-cgmp-regulations
ISO. ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management Systems-Requirements. International Organization for Standardization; 2015. Available from: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/en/#iso: std:iso:9001:ed-5:v1:en
Eudralex. Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Guidelines. Vol. 4. European Commission; 2022. Available from: https://health.ec.europa. eu/medicinal-products/eudralex/eudralex-volume-4_en
WHO. WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles? Technical Report Series, No. 986, Annex 2; 2020. Available from: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/ medicines/norms-andstandards/guidelines/inspections/trs986annex2. pdf?sfvrsn=320c9e62_6&download=true
FDA. Guidance for Industry: Quality Systems Approach to Pharmaceutical CGMP Regulations; 2021. Available from: https:// www.fda.gov/media/156345/download
Code of Federal Regulations. 21 CFR Part 211 - Current Good Manufacturing Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals. U.S. Government Publishing Office; 2022. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/ guidances-drugs/questions-and-answers-current-good-manufacturing-practice-regulations-production-and-process
Parenteral Drug Association (PDA). Technical Report No. 65: Technology Transfer; 2022. Available from: https://webstore.ansi. org/preview-pages/pda/ preview_tr6514.pdf?srsltid=afmboopz yh8jfnopj0bpypkJrHq7gCDWRq QnZqwBgm8mZAKvQPUuYj3o
American Society for Quality. What is a Quality Management System (QMS)?-ISO 9001 and Other Quality Management Systems; 2022. Available from: https://asq.org/quality-resources /quality-management-system
ICH. Quality Risk Management Q9. International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use; 2005. Available from: https://database.ich. org/sites/default/ files/ich_q9%28r1%29_guideline_step4_2025_0115.pdf
Code of Federal Regulations. 21 CFR Part 820 - Quality System Regulation. U.S. Government Publishing Office; 2022. Available from:
https://www.fda.gov/media/157373/download
Waldron K. Implementing Quality by Design: A Methodological Approach to QbD. American Pharmaceutical Review; 2018. Available from: https://www.americanpharmaceuticalreview.com/featured-articles/36924-a-quality-by-design-qbd-approach-to-quantitative-near-infrared-continuous-pharmaceutical-manufacturing
Parenteral Drug Association (PDA). Technical Report No. 54-5: Quality Risk Management for the Design, Qualification, and Operation of Manufacturing Systems; 2022. Available from: https://www.pda. org/pda-letter-portal/home/ full-article/a-successful-q-model-for -new-mrna-line-commissioning-qualification-pt-1
Arden NS, Fisher AC, Tyner K, Yu LX, Lee SL, Kopcha M. Industry 4.0 for pharmaceutical manufacturing: Preparing for the smart factories of the future. Int J Pharm. 2021;602:120554. doi: 10.1016/j. ijpharm.2021.120554
Shiihi S, Okafor UG, Ekeocha Z, Byrn S, Clase K. Improving the Outcome of GMP Inspections by Improving Proficiency of Inspectors through Consistent GMP Trainings. in: BIRS Africa Technical Reports.
Inspection Observation. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/ inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/ inspection-references/inspection-observations
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Handbook. Available from: https:// gmpua.com/process/regulationsandquality.pdf
ISO. ISO 31000:2018 Risk Management-Guidelines. International Organization for Standardization; 2018. Available from: https://www. iso.org/obp/ui/en/#iso: std:iso:31000:ed-2:v1:en
FDA. Guidance for Industry: Contract Manufacturing Arrangements for Drugs: Quality Agreements; 2022. Available from: https://www.fda. gov/media/110689/download
Faggioni F, Rossi MV, Sestino A. Supply chain resilience in the pharmaceutical industry: A qualitative analysis from scholarly and managerial perspectives. Int J Bus Manag. 2023;18(1):129.
Responding to FDA 483s and Warning Letters. Available from: https:// www.pda.org/docs/default-source/website-document-library/chapters/ presentations/new-england/responding-to-a-form-483-or-warning-letter.pdf
Gogtay N, Ravi R, Thatte U. Regulatory requirements for clinical trials in India: What academicians need to know. Indian J Anaesth. 2017;61:192.
FDA. Guidance for Industry: Circumstances that Constitute Delaying, Denying, Limiting, or Refusing a Drug Inspection. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/regulatory -information/search-fda-guidance -documents/circumstances-constitute -delaying-denying-limiting-or-refusing -drug-or-device-inspection
FDA. New Inspection Protocol Project (NIPP); 2022. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/media/174230/download
Compliance Program 7356.843 Post Approval Inspections. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/media/164791/download
FDA. Guidance for Industry: Public Availability of Results of FDA-Funded Studies; 2022. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/food -and-drug-administration-overdose -prevention-framework/timeline-selected-fda-activities-and-significant -events-addressing-substance-use-and-overdose
Friedman C, Rindflesch TC, Corn M. Natural language processing: State of the art and prospects for significant progress, a workshop sponsored by the National Library of Medicine. J Biomed Inform. 2019;90:103132.
Remote Regulatory Assessments for FDA’s Postmarketing Safety Compliance Programs. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/ media/177598/download
Lee SL, O’Connor TF, Yang X, Cruz CN. Modernizing pharmaceutical manufacturing: from batch to continuous production. J Pharm Innov. 2015;10(3):191-9. doi: 10.1007/s12247-015-9215-8
FDA. Guidance for Industry: Process Validation: General Principles and Practices; 2019. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/process-validation-general-principles-and-practices
International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities (ICMRA). Strategic Priorities for the Next 5 Years; 2021. Available from: https:// www.icmra.info
FDA. Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA); 2022. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/international-programs/ international-arrangements/mutual-recognition-agreements-mra
PICS. Guidance on Remote Inspections of Manufacturers and Distributors of Medicinal Products. PE 022-1; 2021. Available from: https://www.patricionanzi.com/pic-s_%20pe-009-17_gmp_guide_ complete_2023.pdf
Woodcock J, Wosinska M. Reliability of therapeutic products: The role of quality management. Clin Pharmacol Therapeut. 2022;111(1):31-5.
Sylim P, Liu F, Marcelo A, Fontelo P. Blockchain technology for detecting falsified and substandard drugs in distribution: Pharmaceutical supply chain intervention. JMIR Res Protoc. 2018;7(9):e10163. doi: 10.2196/10163
WHO. Guideline on Data Integrity. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 1025, Annex 6;2021. Available from: https:// books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=w6moeqaaqbaj & oi=fnd&pg=pr5&dq=who+(2021) +%22guideline+on+data+integrity .%22+who+technical+report+series,+no.+1025,+annex+6.&ots= v1pmj 4asc1&sig=ekqftl9lgqbsgsnpmz0alz5rdne
FDA.Real-World Evidence Program; 2021. Available from: https://link. springer.com/chapter/ 10.1007/978-3-031-60843-8_11
Focus Area: Patient-Reported Outcomes and other Clinical Outcome Assessments. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/science -research/ focus-areas-regulatory-science- report/focus-area-patient-reported-outcomes- and-other-clinical-outcome-assessments
Roschangar F, Zhou Y, Constable DJ, Colberg J, Dickson DP, Dunn PJ, et al. Inspiring process innovation via an improved green manufacturing metric: iGAL. Green Chem. 2021;23(3):1066-80.
Khamkat P, Barik V, Barik BB, Mohapatra S, Kar R. Personalized medicine: An innovation in health-care system. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2022;15(10):4-9. doi: 10.22159/ajpcr.2022v15i10.45460
Thorlund K, Haggstrom J, Park JJ, Mills EJ. Key design considerations for adaptive clinical trials: A primer for clinicians. BMJ. 2018;360:k698.
Kalayil NV, D’Souza SS, Khan SY, Paul P. Artificial intelligence in pharmacy drug design. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2022;15(4):21-7. doi: 10.22159/ajpcr.2022v15i4.43890
U.S. Department of Justice. Ranbaxy Laboratories Pleads Guilty to Drug Safety Violations; 2013. Available from: https://www.justice.gov/ opa/pr/ranbaxy- usa-inc-pleads-guilty-felony-charges-and -agrees-pay- 500-million-settlement
FDA. Warning Letter to Ranbaxy Laboratories; 2013. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/inspections -compliance-enforcement-and- criminal investigations/warning- letters/ranbaxy-laboratories-limited-09162013
Available from: https://www.fda.gov/combination-products/about-combination-products/combination-product-definition-combination-product-types
WHO. WHO Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Products: Main Principles; 2021. Available from: https://cdn.who. int/media/ docs/default-source/medicines/ norms-and-standards/ guidelines/ inspections/trs986annex2.pdf
FDA. Mylan Receives FDA Warning Letter for Quality Violations; 2017. Available from: https://www.fda.gov /inspections-compliance-enforcement- and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters /mylan-laboratories-limited-510621-07122017
World Health Organization (WHO). Quality Management System Requirements for National Inspectorates; 2020. Available from: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/ default-source/medicines/norms- and-standards/guidelines/trs1025 /trs1025annex5.pdf
FDA. Johnson and Johnson Recall and FDA 483 Findings; 2010. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/news-events /press-announcements/Johnson -johnson-recall-information
FDA. Medtronic Receives FDA 483 for CAPA Deficiencies; 2019. Available from: https://www.fda.gov /inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/ medtronic-inc-02192019
Available from: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/fda-voices/fda-releases-two-discussion-papers-spur-conversation-about-artificial-intelligence-and-machine
Available from: http://www.fda.gov/drugs/development approvalprocess/manufacturing/questionsandanswersoncurrent goodmanufacturingpracticescgmpfordrugs/ucm071836.htm
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2025 MURUGAPPAN MAHALINGAM

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.