REVERSED PHASE-HIGH-PERFORMANCE-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF MAGNOLOL IN SELF-NANO-EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2026v19i3.57667Keywords:
Magnolol, RP-HPLC, Validation, SNEDDSAbstract
Objectives: Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was used to produce a simple, accurate, and precise method for the estimation of Magnolol (MO) in self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery system.
Method: Analysis of this method was carried out using reverse phase Nucleodur C-18 column. For this study Mobile phase used was acetonitrile: H2O (90:10% v/v), the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, chromatogram of MO was determined at wavelength 290 nm, and sharp peak was obtained at retention time of 3.496 min. Validation of the developed method was done according to International Conference on HarmonizationQ2 (R1) guidelines.
Results: MO showed linearity at 2–10 μg/mL with R2 of 0.9983. The % mean recovery was determined to be 95.01%, suggesting that the approach was accurate, and from the relative standard deviation, which was found to be varying from 0.53% to 1.96% for both intra-day and inter-day precision, that is, clearly <2%, indicates that the method was precise. It was observed that the detection and quantification limits, that is, limit of quantification and limit of detection, were, respectively, 0.50 and 1.52 μg/mL. Finally, for the developed method, Robustness study was performed by doing small variations in pH, flow rate, ratio of mobile phase, and the result showed that the developed method was robust, as the percentage relative standard deviation and % recovery were under a specific limit.
Conclusion: This indicates that the method that was developed was accurate, linear, précised and robust. Furthermore, it can be used to estimate MO in Pharmaceutical formulations.
Downloads
References
1. Chen CR, Tan R, Qu WM, Wu Z, Wang Y, Urade Y, et al. Magnolol, a major bioactive constituent of the bark of Magnolia officinalis, exerts antiepileptic effects via the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex in mice. Br J Pharmacol. 2011;164(5):1534-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1476- 5381.2011.01456.x, PMID 21518336
2. Ranaware AM, Banik K, Deshpande V, Padmavathi G, Roy NK, Sethi G, et al. Magnolol: A neolignan from the magnolia family for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(8):2362. doi: 10.3390/ijms19082362, PMID 30103472
3. Alexeev M, Grosenbaugh DK, Mott DD, Fisher JL. The natural products magnolol and honokiol are positive allosteric modulators of both synaptic and extra-synaptic GABA(A) receptors. Neuropharmacology. 2012;62(8):2507-14. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.03.002, PMID 22445602
4. Wang JP, Hsu MF, Raung SL, Chen CC, Kuo JS, Teng CM. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of magnolol. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1992;346(6):707-12. doi: 10.1007/ bf00168746, PMID 1336574
5. Chen CR, Zhou XZ, Luo YJ, Huang ZL, Urade Y, Qu WM. Magnolol, a major bioactive constituent of the bark of Magnolia officinalis, induces sleep via the benzodiazepine site of GABA(A) receptor in mice. Neuropharmacology. 2012;63(6):1191-9. doi: 10.1016/j. neuropharm.2012.06.031, PMID 22771461
6. Zhang J, Chen Z, Huang X, Shi W, Zhang R, Chen M, et al. Insights on the multifunctional activities of magnolol. BioMed Res Int. 2019;2019:1847130. doi: 10.1155/2019/1847130, PMID 31240205
7. Ding P, Shen H, Wang J, Ju J. Improved oral bioavailability of magnolol by using a binary mixed micelle system. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018;46 Suppl 2:668-74. doi: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1468339, PMID 30183380
8. Sheng YL, Xu JH, Shi CH, Li W, Xu HY, Li N, et al. UPLC-MS/MS-ESI assay for simultaneous determination of magnolol and honokiol in rat plasma: Application to pharmacokinetic study after administration emulsion of the isomer. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;155(3):1568-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.052, PMID 25102243
9. Guo JW, Chien CC, Chen JH. CYP3A excipient-based microemulsion prolongs the effect of magnolol on ischemia stroke rats. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(8):737. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080737, PMID 32764430
10. Tsai TH, Chen CF. Identification and determination of honokiol and magnolol from Magnolia officinalis by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array UV detection. J Chromatogr A. 1992;598(1):143-6. doi: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85125-D.
11. Tang W, Wan M, Zhu Z, Chen G, Huang X. Simultaneous determinationof eight major bioactive compounds in Dachengqi Tang (DT) by high-performance liquid chromatography. Chin Med. 2008;3:5. doi: 10.1186/1749-8546-3-5, PMID 18445276
12. Zhang H, Chen S, Qin F, Huang X, Ren P, Gu X. Simultaneous determination of 12 chemical constituents in the traditional Chinese medicinal prescription Xiao-Yao-San-Jia-Wei by HPLC coupled with photodiode array detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2008;48(5):1462-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.09.023, PMID 18977108
13. Lin SP, Tsai SY, Lee Chao PD, Chen YC, Hou YC. Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and tissue distribution of magnolol following single and repeated dosing of magnolol to rats. Planta Med. 2011;77(16):1800-5. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1271159, PMID 21638244
14. Annisa R, Mutiah R, Yuwono M, Hendradi E. Nanotechnology approach-self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS). Int J App Pharm. 2023 Jul 1;15(4):12-9. doi: 10.22159/ijap.2023v15i4.47644
15. Pandey NK, Singh SK, Gulati M, Kumar B, Kapoor B, Ghosh D, et al. Overcoming the dissolution rate, gastrointestinal permeability and oral bioavailability of glimepiride and simvastatin co-delivered in the form of nanosuspension and solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system: A comparative study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2020;60:102083. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102083
16. Pal D, Babu B, Rahman SM, Kalirajan R, Chandan C. A validated analytical method for ranitidine HCl through LC-MS/MS, HPLC and quality by design approach. Int J Appl Pharm. 2025;17(6):406-16
17. Rezaei M, Ramazani A, Rouhani M. An applicable method for the estimation of tetrabenazine by simple RP-HPLC in tablet dosage form. Chem Methodol. 2017;1(2):136-44
18. Kumar R, Kumar R, Khursheed R, Awasthi A, Ramanunny AK, Kaur J, et al. Validated reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatography method for estimation of fisetin in self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system. Assay Drug Dev Technol. 2020;18(6):274-81. doi: 10.1089/ adt.2020.983, PMID 32608988
19. Shah JH, Mehta T, Mukharya A, Chowdhury AR, Patel A, Mevada S, et al. Development of novel single HPLC method for simultaneous separation of multiple impurities in dexamethasone drug product. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2024;16(11):24-31. doi: 10.22159/ijpps.2024v16i11.52010
20. Bhaskararao P, Sarika M, Madhavi CL, Kollipara MG, Prashanthi G. The industrial importance of technology transfer for analytical method development and validation-application to vilazodone hydrochloride dosage form. Int J Chem Res. 2024;8:12-7. doi: 10.22159/ ijcr.2024v8i4.235
21. Thomas A, Varkey J. Development and validation of a new RP HPLC analytical method for the determination of etodolac succinic acid co-crystals in spiked rabbit plasma. Int J Curr Pharm Res. 2023;15:59-63. doi: 10.22159/ijcpr.2023v15i2.2098
22. Jagdale AS, Pendbhaje NS, Nirmal RV, Bachhav PM, Sumbre DB. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for estimation of brexpiprazole in its bulk and tablet dosage form using quality by design approach. Future J Pharm Sci. 2021;7(1):142. doi: 10.1186/s43094- 021-00293-5
23. Çelebier M, Reçber T, Koçak E, Altinöz S. RP-HPLC method development and validation for estimation of Rivaroxaban in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Braz J Pharm Sci. 2013;49(2):359-66. doi: 10.1590/S1984-82502013000200018
24. Sharma S, Narang JK, Ali J, Baboota S. Synergistic antioxidant action of vitamin E and rutin SNEDDS in ameliorating oxidative stress in a Parkinson’s disease model. Nanotechnology. 2016;27(37):375101. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/37/375101, PMID 27491690
25. Vikash B, Shashi NK, Pandey NK, Kumar B, Wadhwa S, Goutam U, et al. Formulation and evaluation of ocular self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of brimonidine tartrate. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2023;81:104226. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104226
26. Park JH, Kim DS, Mustapha O, Yousaf AM, Kim JS, Kim DW, et al. Comparison of a revaprazan-loaded solid dispersion, solid SNEDDS and inclusion compound: Physicochemical characterisation and pharmacokinetics. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2018;162:420-6. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.12.017, PMID 29248606
27. Bhardwaj K, Sharma A, Kumar R, Tyagi V, Kumar R. Improving oral bioavailability of herbal drugs: A focused review of self-emulsifying drug delivery system for colon cancer. Curr Drug Deliv. 2024;21(3):389-402. doi: 10.2174/1567201820666230505113108, PMID 37151062
28. Porter CJ, Trevaskis NL, Charman WN. Lipids and lipid-based formulations: Optimizing the oral delivery of lipophilic drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2007;6(3):231-48. doi: 10.1038/nrd2197, PMID 17330072.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2026 Sarvi Yadav, Narendra Kumar Pandey, ABHINAV ANAND, Bimlesh Kumar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The publication is licensed under CC By and is open access. Copyright is with author and allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions.