EXOSOMES AS MEDIATORS OF NEUROINFLAMMATION IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE: A REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2025v17i3.53756Keywords:
Exosomes, Neuroinflammation, PD, Dopaminergic neurons, α-Synuclein, Glial cells, Microglia, Astrocytes, Immune responseAbstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, is closely associated with neuroinflammation mediated by exosomes. This review discusses the role of exosomes in the modulation of neuroinflammatory processes in PD. Small Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are exosomes that communicate between cells by transporting proteins, lipids, and RNAs that affect neuronal health. We investigated how exosomes propagate misfolded α-synuclein and proinflammatory mediators, leading to microglial activation and neurodegeneration. The key questions addressed include the following: (1) How do exosomes promote the spread of α-synuclein pathology? (2) What molecular pathways drive exosome-mediated neuroinflammation in PD? (3) Can exosomes serve as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic vehicles? By analyzing these mechanisms, this review underscores the dual role of exosomes in exacerbating disease progression and their potential for innovative treatments. This finding highlights the challenges in current methodologies and future prospects of exosome-targeted therapy in PD.
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