THE ROLE OF ΑIIBΒ3 RECEPTORS IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: MECHANISMS AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2025v17i5.54646Keywords:
Fibronectin, Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, αIIbβ3 receptors, Platelet activation, Fibrinogen, Myocardial infarctionAbstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), a leading cause of death globally, is primarily caused by coronary artery blockage and the resulting myocardial ischemia. The epidemiology, molecular processes, clinical biomarkers, and treatment approaches of MI are all included in this review. In addition, the traditional antiplatelet treatments and new natural inhibitors such as disintegrin from snake venom, special attention is given to the platelet integrin αIIbβ3 receptor, whose crucial function in MI pathogenesis is reviewed. Several studies conducted between 2018 and 2023 demonstrated that αIIbβ3 plays a crucial role in mediating fibrinogen-dependent platelet aggregation and thrombus stability after plaque rupture. Using αIIbβ3 inhibitors during high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was justified by these findings. The recent studies done in 2024–2025 have broadened our understanding by showing that αIIbβ3 has a role in leukocyte-platelet interactions, thrombosis, inflammatory signalling, and plaque progression, indicating that its functions extend beyond hemostasis. Vascular damage and repair are reviewed in connection with important molecular pathways implicated in MI development, such as PI3K/Akt, Notch, NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β, TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and TGF-β/SMADs. The growing clinical significance of diagnostic biomarkers such as troponins, CK-MB, VEGF-A₁₆₅b, and MMP-28 is underlined. In summary, αIIbβ3 continues to play a key role in thrombus formation by binding fibrinogen and encouraging platelet aggregation; however, recent data suggest that it also plays a role in vascular inflammation and atherogenesis, making it a viable target for the treatment of MI both acutely and over the long term.
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