A NOVEL NANOPRECIPITATION ROUTE TO SILVER NANOPARTICLES: INSIGHTS INTO STRUCTURE, STABILITY, AND BIOACTIVITY

Authors

  • SUNIRMAL BHATTACHARJEE Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, JIS University, Nilgunj Rd, Agarpara, Kolkata, West Bengal - 700109, India. Bharat Pharmaceutical Technology, Amtali, Agartala, Tripura (W)-799130, India https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2562-1551
  • DEBJANI SARKAR Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, JIS University, Nilgunj Rd, Agarpara, Kolkata, West Bengal - 700109, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9648-1624
  • RICHA DAYARAMANI Centre for Medical Devices, NIPER – A, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
  • SWEET NASKAR Institute of Pharmacy, Kalyani Kolkata, Nadia, West Bengal-741235, India https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6983-5130
  • SUBHASHIS DEBNATH Bharat Pharmaceutical Technology, Amtali, Agartala, Tripura (W)-799130, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3951-0094
  • SURAJ SHARMA Sikkim Professional College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gangtok, Sikkim-737121, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2026v18i2.56744

Keywords:

Silver nanoparticles, Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial effect, MTT assay, Wound healing

Abstract

Objective: To synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) via a modified citrate reduction method and comprehensively evaluate their physicochemical properties, antimicrobial efficacy, and cytotoxicity for potential application in wound healing.

Methods: Ag-NPs were synthesized using silver nitrate and trisodium citrate as the reducing agent. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Dynamic light scattering was used to determine particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against a panel of microorganisms, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Trichoderma asperellum. Cytocompatibility was assessed using the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line via an MTT assay after 24 h of exposure.

Results: UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of Ag-NPs with a characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peakat 407 nm. The nanoparticles were spherical and crystalline, with a size range of 26.82±0.42 nm to 306.00±0.31 nm and a zeta potential ranging from-9.13±0.12 mV to 30.89±0.30 mV, indicating moderate colloidal stability. The Ag-NPs demonstrated significant, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against all tested bacterial and fungal strains. Cytotoxicity assessment revealed a concentration-dependent effect on HaCaT cells, with an IC₅₀ value of approximately 9.93 µg/ml.

Conclusion: The successfully synthesized citrate-stabilized Ag-NPs possess desirable physicochemical characteristics and potent antimicrobial properties. Overall, the results suggest that Ag-NPs may be utilized as antimicrobial agents to promote wound healing.

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Published

07-03-2026

How to Cite

BHATTACHARJEE, S., SARKAR, D., DAYARAMANI, R., NASKAR, S., DEBNATH, S., & SHARMA, S. (2026). A NOVEL NANOPRECIPITATION ROUTE TO SILVER NANOPARTICLES: INSIGHTS INTO STRUCTURE, STABILITY, AND BIOACTIVITY. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 18(2), 97–111. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2026v18i2.56744

Issue

Vol 18, Issue 2 (Mar-Apr), 2026

Section

Original Article(s)

Copyright (c) 2026 SUNIRMAL BHATTACHARJEE, DEBJANI SARKAR, RICHA DAYARAMANI, SWEET NASKAR, SUBHASHIS DEBNATH, ANDDR SURAJ SHARMA

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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