ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF DRAGON SCALE LEAVES (DRYMOGLOSSUM PILOSELLOIDES L.) MOUTHWASH AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS (PRELIMINARY STUDY)

ESSIE OCTIARA; JAN TERRIE; MUHAMMAD YUNUS; KEMUNING SENJA GHINA AR RAUDA; MIRANTI SHAFIYAH REZKIKU TARIGAN; NAOMI SUGIANTI

doi:10.22159/ijap.2025.v17s4.04

Authors

ESSIE OCTIARA Oral Dental Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
JAN TERRIE Oral Dental Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
MUHAMMAD YUNUS Oral Dental Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
KEMUNING SENJA GHINA AR RAUDA Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8917-1947
MIRANTI SHAFIYAH REZKIKU TARIGAN Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
NAOMI SUGIANTI Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2025.v17s4.04

Keywords:

Drymoglossum piloselloides L, antibacterial, S. mutans, E. faecalis, mouthwash

Abstract

Objective: Dental caries are mainly caused by Streptococcus mutans, whereas Enterococcus faecalis is detected in root canals. Using mouthwash can reduce oral bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of mouthwash containing Drymoglossum piloselloides L. extract at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%, assess its acute toxicity, and evaluate its antibacterial effectiveness against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis.

Methods: This research uses laboratory experimental research with a post-test-only controlled group design. Twenty-five samples were used, divided into five at 10%, 20%, and 30%, positive and negative control. The stability of the mouthwash was evaluated through a cycling test consisting of six cycles, while the acute toxicity was assessed using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The antibacterial test was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) by using a liquid dilution method analyzed with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and the antibacterial inhibition zone was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Data analysis utilized One-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Games-Howell (normal data distributed) or Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by Mann-Whitney tests (not normally data distributed).

Results: Based on organoleptic, pH, and viscosity tests, Drymoglossum piloselloides L. extract mouthwash was stable and non-toxic. MIC testing using the liquid dilution method showed that the 30% concentration had a significantly different minimum inhibitory effect than the negative control. The 30% Drymoglossum piloselloides L. leaf extract concentration showed significant suppression against Streptococcus mutans (10.483±0.076 mm) and Enterococcus faecalis (10.367±0.058 mm) in disk diffusion technique findings. None of the mouthwash concentrations group reached the ≥99% bacterial reduction threshold required for MBC determination.

Conclusion: It concluded that Drymoglossum piloselloides L. extract at 30% concentration has an antibacterial effect.

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