BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF NANO-HYDROXYAPATITE GRAFT FROM UNAM SNAIL (VOLEGALEA COCHLIDIUM) SHELL ON NIH 3T3 FIBROBLAST
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2025.v17s5.01Keywords:
Biocompatibility, Hydroxyapatite, Nanoparticles, NIH 3T3Abstract
Objective: Periodontitis may cause progressive damage to the periodontal tissue; thus, treatment such as bone grafts is often needed to restore tissue function. One of the synthetic bone graft materials used is hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite can be found in nature, such as egg shells, coral, and shells of mussels and snails. Unam snail (Volegalea cochlidium) is a shelled animal with a high calcium carbonate level as a calcium source in hydroxyapatite. Despite the fact that numerous studies have demonstrated the benefits of using materials sourced from natural resources, discussions continue about their biocompatibility concerning cytotoxic reactions.
Methods: Nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite (nHAP) are produced by the sol-gel process. The 3T3 fibroblast cells were cultured on Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), and its viability was measured using the 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test method and repeated four times.
Results: The mean viability of NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells in different nHAP concentrations, respectively, 95.9±1.69% (1.6875 mg/ml), 92.9±0.82% (0.8437 mg/ml), 78.3±0.98% (3.375 mg/ml) and 38.3±0.9% (6.75 mg/ml). ANOVA test showed a significant difference between concentrations with p<0.001. The IC50 value of nHAP to the proportion of viability of NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells was 5.81 mg/ml. Discussion: With an IC₅₀ of 5.81 mg/ml, indicating moderate cytotoxicity, cell viability was over 90% at lower concentrations. The results validate Volegalea cochlidium as a new and feasible biogenic source of nano-hydroxyapatite.
Conclusion: Derived from Volegalea cochlidium, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) exhibits concentration-dependent biocompatibility, with safe viability levels found below the IC₅₀ threshold of 3.49 mg/ml. The increasing concentration of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) tends to decrease the viability of 3T3 fibroblast cells.
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Copyright (c) 2025 DESY MARLIN PARSAULIAN SITUMORANG, AINI HARIYANI NASUTION, IRMA ERVINA, PITU WULANDARI, SYAFRUDDIN ILYAS, SYAFRUDDIN ILYAS
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