ISOLATION, MANUFATURE AND QUALITATIVE TEST OF CELLULOSE MICROCRYSTALLIZATION POWDER FROM KETAPANG LEAVES (TERMINALIA CATAPPA L.) USING CHEMICAL DELIGNIFICATION AND HYDROLISIS METHODS

YUSPA; MUHAMMAD; FATIMAH; NUR MAULIDAH; RA’IDAH LUTHFIA; YULIANITA PRATIWI INDAH LESTARI

doi:10.22159/ijap.2025v17i4.54021

Authors

YUSPA Departement of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin, Gubernur Syarkawi, Barito Kuala, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia
MUHAMMAD Departement of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin, Gubernur Syarkawi, Barito Kuala, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0070-5252
FATIMAH Departement of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin, Gubernur Syarkawi, Barito Kuala, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2853-0109
NUR MAULIDAH Departement of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin, Gubernur Syarkawi, Barito Kuala, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7124-0583
RA’IDAH LUTHFIA Departement of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin, Gubernur Syarkawi, Barito Kuala, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia
YULIANITA PRATIWI INDAH LESTARI Departement of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin, Gubernur Syarkawi, Barito Kuala, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9109-0990

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2025v17i4.54021

Keywords:

Characterization, Delignification, Hydrolysis, Ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa L.), Microcrystalline Cellulose

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to synthesize and characterize Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) from ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa L.) and compare it with commercial Avicel PH 102.

Methods: Ketapang leaves underwent delignification using sodium hydroxide (NaOH), followed by acid hydrolysis using optimized Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) concentrations. The resulting Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) was characterized through color reaction; organoleptic, solubility, pH, melting point, microscopic, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses, with Avicel PH 102 as the comparator.

Results: The α-cellulose yield from ketapang leaves was 24.13%, and Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) yield reached 83.70%. Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) 1 M gave the highest Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) yield of 96%. Microcrystalline Cellulose Ketapang Leaves (MCCKL) was a yellowish-white, odorless, tasteless crystalline powder, similar to Avicel PH 102. It was insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, and acids/bases, meeting Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) standards. The pH was 6.47 (standard: 5.0–7.5), and the melting point was 262 °C, comparable to Avicel PH 102. Microscopically, Microcrystalline Cellulose Ketapang Leaves (MCCKL) fibers appeared longer and larger but remained suitable as tablet excipients. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of O-H, C-H, C-OH, and β-glycoside groups, indicating structural similarity to commercial Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the successful synthesis of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) from ketapang leaves with an 83.70% yield from 24.13% α-cellulose. The resulting Microcrystalline Cellulose Ketapang Leaves (MCCKL) showed comparable physicochemical properties to commercial Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) (Avicel PH 102), including pH, solubility, melting point, and functional groups. Additional tests showed favorable values for flow rate, moisture content, and compressibility, suggesting that Microcrystalline Cellulose Ketapang Leaves (MCCKL) has strong potential as a direct compression tablet filler.

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